Alexandeb kaiseb



(No Model.)

A. KAISER.

.DIE-FERENTIAL PRESSURE VALVE.

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M. ATTRNEYS.

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UETTEE STATES PATENT Urrrcn.

ALEXANDER KA IsER, or FREIBURG, SWITZERLAND.

DlFFERENTlAL- PRESSURE VALVE.

QPECIFIUATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,080, dated March 3, 1885.

Application filed November 10, 1883. (X0 model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that l, ALEXANDER KAISER, of Freiburg, in the Republic ofSwitzerland,have invented certain new and useful Improvemen ts in Difierential- Pressure Valves, ofwhich the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to furnish a valve by whichthe flow of liquids or gases from or through aconduit is regulated in such a manner that it shall be intermittent between certain limits of differences of pressure.

For this purpose the invention consists of a valve of special construction which automatically controls the flow of liquids or gases at a fixed difference of pressure in connection with a receiver and connecting-pi 'aes. The valve is provided with a flexible diaphragm, and

with a valve-spindle, to which a weighted bal- I an ce-lever is attached, by which a certain play of the diaphragm is permitted before the valve is opened for the passage of the liquids or gases, as will appear more fully hereinafter, and finally be pointed out in the claims.

In the annexed drawings, Figures 1 to 4 represent my improved differential-pressure valve, showing it in different positions. Figs. 5 to 8 are modifications of the valve-body.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. A

In the drawings, A. represents myimproved valve, which belongs to that class of valves which are automatically opened or closed by the difference of pressure on opposite sides thereof. The valve is represented in detail in Figs. 1 to 4, in which I) is the valve-seat; a, the cup-shaped valve-body, which has one or more openings, 0, in its bottom. The valve a is closed at the top, by a flexible diaphragm, D, to the centcrof which the valvespindle d is attached in any suitable manner. The valvespindle d is guided in its up-and-down motion by a central opening of the valve-bottom and by a guide-piece, d, below the same. Afixed collar, (1 of the valve-spindledserves to raise the valve a from its seat when abutting against its bottom. By means of the flexible diaphragm the spindle (Z is free to move through a fixed distance (marked .2 z in the drawings) before the valve is opened. The upper end of the valve-spindle is pivoted to a lever, e, that is fulcrumed atf to a support, f. This lever is loaded with a balance weight, WV, the center of gravity of which is at 9, Fig. 1, and which is so located thereon that when the valve-spindle arrives near the end of its upward motion the center of gravity of the balance-weight XV is thrown to the" other side of a vertical plane passing through the aXisf of the lever e. A fixed stop, h, of the supportf prevents the weighted lever e from being thrown too far beyond the center. The combined weight of the valve 0, valvespindle d, and lever e is much smaller than. the balance-weight, so that the same acts quickly on the parts mentioned whenever the center of gravity of the balance-weight NV has passed to one side or the other of the axis of the lever 0.

The operation of the valve A is as follows: lVhen the pressure 1) above the valve a is equal to the pressure 1) below the same, the parts take the positions shown in Fig. 1; but as soon as the difference of pressure above and below corresponds to the normal difference of pressure-that is to say, to the pressure at which a flow through the valve is to take place-the parts will rapidly pass through the positions shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and finally arrive in the position shown in Fig. i, in which the valve is open and the flow takes place. The parts will so remain until the pressures p and 1') above and below the diaphragm are nearly equal again. The valve a will then recede, and cause by its weight and the weight of the valve-spindle the center of gravity of the weighted lever to be thrown over into the position shown in Fig. 3, in which the valve rests upon the seat. The motion of the weighted lever and valve-spindle d continues until the spindle rests upon the bottom of the valve a, as shownin Fig. 1, thus exerting the full pressure upon the valve. By the openings in the bOblJOlll Of the valve a the difference of pressures 1) 1) serves to increase the tight fitting of the valve to its seat, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The valve can rise still farther even after the spindle has reached its highest position, whereby the sectional area of the discharge-opening is enlarged without causing any loss of pressure.

The construction of the valve may be made in a number of different ways. For instance,

the bottom may be formed of flexible material as well-a s .the top, as in Fig. 5, or a rigid hollow valve may be connected with the valvespindle by means of elastic manometer-tubes, as in Fig. 6, or a bellowsshaped valve may be used, as in Figs. 7 and 8. 1

The receiver or storage-chamber B, which is used for the storage of liquids or gases until the difference of pressure is reached at which the valve A is to be opened, may be made either of an open vessel supported at such an elevation above the discharge-opening that the pressure of the column of liquid above the discnargebpening has to be reached before the valve A is opened, as in Fig. 5, or a closed air or steam chamber may be used, as in Fig. 6, or a cylinder with a loaded piston, as in Fig. 7, or a vessel with a loaded diaphragm, as in Fig. 8, or any other inclosed space the expansibility of which corresponds to the difference of pressures p p may be used.

By the co-operation of the storage-chamber B and of the valve A the flow through the pipe 0 in Fig. 6 is as follows: The end m of the pipe() being connected with a water-main and the stop-cock F being nearly closed, so as to allow but a very small quantity of water to pass throughfor instance, one quart a min.- utewhile the capacity of the chamber B be tween the desired differences of level is ten quarts,the water will be stored in the receiver B for ten minutes,when it will reach the level at which the valve A will be opened, so as to rapidlydischarge ten gallons, thereby lowering the water-level sufiiciently to allow the valve to be closed again. This arrangement may be used for automatically flushing waterclosets or drain-pipes at fixed intervals oftime, and for other purposes where an intermittent discharge is required.

In Fig. 7, Grepresents a water-main,in which a section of pipe is removed and the con-necting-pipes O, with the valve A and storagechamber B, interposed for the same. The ends n n of the water-main are provided with stop-cocks M and L.

The storagechamber consists of a cylinder, B, connected atits top and bottom with the conduit-pipes O G, and provided with a loaded plunger, N, or of aspherical vessel, B, (shown in Fig. 8,) which is arranged with a loaded flexible membrane, R. The valve A is inclosed by a cylindrical vessel, A, which is also connected by the pipes O O to the ends n n of the main.

Assuming the inlet-valve M to be entirely opened, while the outlet-valveis open just far enough to allow the water to drip out, and, further, that the loading of the plunger N or membraneR of the receiver B be smaller than the balance-Weight W of the valve A, then the following action will take place; The upper part of the storage-chamber B will be discharged first, according to the opening of the outlet-valve L. As soon as the plunger N or the loaded membrane R arrives at the top of the cylinder or spherical casing, the pressure 3)- above the valve A is at once reduced and the valve A opened by the .dif-

ference of pressure above and below. The

water has now free access to the upper part,

and is rapidly transferred from the lower part of the storage-vessel, through the valve A, to the upper part of the pipe 0, the valve A being kept open during this circulation, owing to the difference of pressure acting on it, until the plunger or membrane arrives at the bottom of the storage-chamber, when equality of pressure will be reestablished and the valve A be closed. During the upward motion of the plunger N the slow discharge of water from the space above the plunger recommences until the same arrives at the top of the storage-chamber, when the valve A is opened again, and the quick discharge of the accumulated water in the storage-chamber will take place. In this manner an intermittent discharge of water is established. This arrangement may be used for measuring the quantity of water passing through the pipes O O, in which case either a rotary water-meter may be introduced, as indicated-in dotted lines in Fig. 7, or the storage-receptacle may be used as a measuring-vessel, in which case the plunger or membrane is connected by a transmitting rod and train of registeringwheels to a suitable dial.

The plungenN may be provided with an airchamber, q, (shown in Fig. 7,) by which the opening of the valve A is accelerated until the weighted plunger gets properly startedin its downward motion.

My improved valve may also be used with advantage in connection with rotary watermeters, as thereby thepassage even of very small quantities, which otherwise would exert no influence on the meters, can be registered. When the valve is used with a water-meter,

' itnas to be observed that the valve will be entirely opened,and thereby out of action, whenever the velocity of the water in the conduitpipes corresponds to the pressure of a column of water which is greater than the difference of pressure for which the valve is constructed. The valve A is only then thrown into action when the pressure is reduced below the difference of pressure for which the valve is constructed, the valve serving then to accumulate the water and discharge it intermittently through the meter when the pressure of the water is strong enough to open the valve A. The valve may also be used for intermittently feeding water to steam-boilers, and for other purposes in which an effect is to be produced by the difference of pressure.

Among the advantages of my valve may be mentioned the rapid decrease of the influence of the weighted lever on the valve as soon as ISO the required difference of pressure is reached,

the small weight of the valve-spindle and valve-body in proportion to the weight of the fulcrumed accelerating-lever, the position of the center of the gravity of the balanceweight while the flow takes place, all of which insures the reliable and steady functioning of the valve in its different. applications.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A differential-pressure valve consisting of a valve-seat, a valve-body having a bottom opening, a flexible diaphragm attached to the valve-body, a valve-spindle attached to the diaphragm, and a fulcrumed and weighted balance-lever connected to the upper end of the valve-spindle, whereby the same is free to move through a fixed distance before the valve is raised from its seat by the difference of pressure above and below the same, substantially as set forth.

2. A difierential-pressure valve composed of a valve-seat, b, a valve-body, a, provided with an openingin its bottom, a flexible dia phragin, D, connected to the valve-body, a

" valve-spindle, (I, connected to the diaphragm,

and provided with a collar, d a fnlcrumed lever, 0, pivoted to the valve-spindle, and provided with abalance-Weight above its fulcrum, and astop, h, for the balance-lever e, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a differentialpressnre valve, consisting of a valve-scat, a valvebody having a bottom opening, a flexible diaphragm attached to said valve-body, a valve spindle attached to the diaphragm, and a fulcrumed Weighted balance-lever connected to flexible diaphragm attached to a movable part thereof, of a fulcrumed and Weighted balancelever adapted to oscillate under the varying pressures of the diaphragm, so as to throwits center of gravity alternately on opposite sides of a vertical plane passing through the fulcrum of said lever, and a stop for controlling the movement of said lever.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALEXANDER KAISER.

Witnesses:

Hueo WILoP, B. ROI. 

